Here is a typical aluminum roof cap that allows exhausted air and moisture from a bathroom below to escape through the roof. It appears that hail damage has occurred to this cap.
The underside of this cap was damaged around the overlapping circle where someone tried to repair the damage with sealant from the topside. It still continued to leak, hence it’s removal.
Once the cap is removed you can see the flexible white tubing that is used to connect the bathroom fan below to the roof cap which sets on top of the roof. If the flexible white hose has a bend in it that can hold water,exhausted from the bathroom, it can “leak” back down into the bathroom below and cause a stain on the ceiling around the fan.
Here is a different style cap that is a little more durable than the silver one above.
Reshingling and fastening.
Using this clear sealant is better than using an adhesive because access will be easier if there is another leak in the future.
This knife has a hook blade which easily cuts through shingles from the topside; whereas, a straight blade will only cut through the back side of the shingle.
Here is another roof cap that is plastic instead of a metal: They are inferior due to the cracks which can develop with age.
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